Objective: Compile a long-term care needs questionnaire with good reliability, validityand practicability for the disabled elderly to investigate the long-term care needs of thedisabled elderly, explore the differences in the content of the long-term care needs of thedisabled elderly at different levels, and aim to provide personality for the disabled elderlyLong-term care services that are integrated and hierarchical are of great significance toimproving the quality of life of disabled elderly people.
Methods: 1. Through literature review, semi-structured interviews, an item pool wasconstructed, and after two rounds of expert consultation and face validity tests, an initialquestionnaire for the long-term care needs of the disabled elderly was formed;Cronbach’sαcoefficient method was used to test the reliability of the questionnaire's internalconsistency; 50 disabled elderly people filled out the questionnaire again two weeks laterto calculate the test-retest reliability; divided the questionnaire into two sub-questionsaccording to the odd and even items to calculate the half-reliability; the content validitywas based on the CVI value; the structure validity was based on the factor analysis method2. Using the questionnaire survey method, apply the questionnaire on the long-term careneeds of the disabled elderly to investigate the status quo of the long-term care needs ofthe disabled elderly.
Results: 1. The initial questionnaire for the long-term care needs of the disabled elderly,including 6 dimensions, 59 items, daily care needs (15 items), disease care needs (23 items),mental needs (5 items), and environmental facility needs (7 items) , human support needs(4 items), spiritual care needs (5 items). To investigate the reliability and validity of thequestionnaire for 400 disabled elderly people: The S-CVI of the questionnaire was 0.959,and the I-CVI was between 0.80 and 1.00; four common factors were extracted byexploratory factor analysis, and the cumulative contribution rate was 54.270%. Accordingto the content of the item, the factors are named as medical rehabilitation needs (13 items),psychosocial support needs (8 items), specialized nursing needs (8 items), daily life needs(5 items); between each dimension and between each dimension and the total the Pearsoncorrelation coefficient of the questionnaire ranges from 0.535 to 0.886 (all P<0.01); theCronbach’s αcoefficient of the questionnaire is 0.948; the test-retest reliability is 0.914 (P<0.01); the half-reliability is 0.926 (P<0.01); 2. To investigate the status quo of long-term care needs of 416 disabled elderly people: the average score of the long-term careneeds of disabled elderly people is (3.06±0.64) points, which is at a middle level; theelderly with mild disability scores (2.81±0.56), which is at a low level; The elderly withmoderate disability scores (3.30±0.61), which is at the middle level; the elderly with severedisability scores (3.39±0.60), which is at the middle level.
Conclusion:1.The questionnaire on the long-term care needs of the disabled elderlycompiled in this study has good reliability and validity, and can be used to assess the statusquo of the long-term care needs of the disabled elderly. 2. The long-term care needs of thedisabled elderly in this study are at a moderate level. The disabled elderly most hope toreceive psychosocial support needs, followed by daily life needs, medical rehabilitationneeds, and specialized nursing needs. With the increase in the degree of disability, the levelof long-term care needs of the disabled elderly is gradually increasing, and the demand forspecialized care and daily life is also higher. The elderly with mild and moderate disabilitymost hope to get the needs of psychosocial support, and the elderly with severe disabilitymost hope to get the needs of daily life. In the process of caring for the disabled elderly,corresponding care plans should be formulated according to the different ability levels ofthe disabled elderly, so as to better provide targeted, long-term, continuous and effectivecare services for the disabled elderly.
Key words : Disabled elderly; degree of disability; long-term care needs; questionnaire 。
1987年,Kane[9]首次提出長期照護(Long-Term Care, LTC)的概念,國際社會普遍認為,需要長期照護的人群并不局限于老年人,但基于老年人群的生理特征及生活現狀使得其對長期照護的需求更為強烈,長期照護根據個體健康水平狀況的不同,可分為健康照護和社會照護;根據提供者不同又可分為家庭照護、社區照護、機構照護;根據專業化能力程度不同,可分為正式照護和非正式照護。其內容包括從飲食活動照料到疾病護理或醫療康復等一系列長期、連續、綜合性的服務。
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